Recognising exploitation in the workplace

As a student, part-time or casual work can help you build skills, earn income, and gain experience. But not all jobs are fair—and in some cases, they may even be exploitative. Sometimes what seems like “just a bad job” might be part of something more serious, including modern slavery.

Recognise these signs of possible workplace exploitation

  • You’re paid below minimum wage, in cash, or with no payslip.
  • You’re required to work unpaid hours (e.g. "trial" shifts or staying late).
  • You’re denied breaks, sick leave, or penalty rates.
  • You’re made to feel threatened, controlled, or unable to leave the job.
  • Your visa, accommodation, or personal documents are controlled by your employer.
  • You feel unsafe or are being exploited due to language, visa status, or financial need.

What is modern slavery?

Modern slavery includes situations where people are coerced, controlled or deceived into working and cannot leave freely. Some signs may include overt control by an employer over aspects not just related to work. Modern slavery may take the following forms:

  • Forced labour
  • Debt bondage
  • Exploitative work tied to visas or housing
  • Human trafficking

Whilst most jobs that students undertake during university study comply with industrial law, modern slavery has been identified in industries offering student work like hospitality, cleaning, agriculture, construction, and retail.

Your rights as a worker

In Australia, all workers—including casual and international students—are protected by law. You have a right to be paid at least the minimum wage, access leave entitlements (where applicable) and work in a safe, respectful environment that is free from coercion, threats, and unsafe conditions.

What can you do?

  • Keep records: Track hours worked, pay received, and communications.
  • Check your pay: Use the Fair Work Pay Calculator.
  • Talk to someone: If something doesn’t feel right, reach out.

Resources and support

If you are experiencing potential workplace exploitation we encourage you to reach out to expert services for support and information.

  • Fair Work Ombudsman – free, confidential advice regarding employment conditions, wages and a range of workplace matters: www.fairwork.gov.au
  • Young Workers Centre – help for young and student workers: www.youngworkers.org.au
  • Anti-Slavery Australia – legal help and support for those at risk of modern slavery: www.antislavery.org.au
  • 1800RESPECT – support for anyone facing abuse, coercion, or unsafe work situations: 1800 737 732
  • The Australian Red Cross Work Rights Hub can provide advice and support regarding your rights and staying safe in the workplace